Further millions learned this kind of Marxism from anti-Marxists pursuing an opposing politics.
Lenin, Nikolai Bukharin, Joseph Stalin, and Mao Zedong. This process was abetted by even simpler versions, such as those by Georgi Plekhanov, V. It attracted numerous adherents in the intellectual world and drew millions into political movements. This doctrine was said to be applicable to human history and to unify philosophical with scientific thinking. Marxism as a comprehensive worldview, allegedly based on these twin pillars of materialism, was developed only after Engels's death. Engels repeated those views much more famously in his Anti-D ühring (1878 excerpted as Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, 1880) and Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy (1886). On the latter point Engels identified Marx with a mechanistic materialism of matter-in-motion, and on the former with "dialectical" thought that was said to mirror this ontological universal. In Engels's account Marx was said to have a method coincident with both Hegelian philosophy and contemporary physical science. In his short narrative, Engels simplified a selection of Marx's ideas and presented them in a doctrinal form. In a review (1859) of the first published version of Marx's critique of contemporary economic science, Engels strove to introduce Marx to the public as a powerful intellect and polymathic systematizer. Marx's friend and sometime collaborator Friedrich Engels (1820 –1895) coined the term materialist conception of history (later shortened to historical materialism). While in the later twentieth century dialectical materialism all but faded away, historical materialism has had a remarkable revival in an "analytical" form. In recent years scholarship has clarified these questions considerably. Was used or endorsed by him explicitly, and the relationship between those doctrines and his writings has always been problematic. They were developed within the Marxist tradition and refer to ideas found in the works of Karl Marx (1818 –1883). Historical and dialectical materialism are doctrines in the philosophy of history and in metaphysics, respectively.
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